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On this Day in Ancient History - February 5
Augustus. St Petersburg - Hermitage.
CC Flickr User thisisbossi. In 2 B.C., the first Roman emperor, whom we call Augustus, received the title Pater patriae 'father of the country'. This title was a great honor given for outstanding service. The famous orator and Roman statesman Cicero had earned the title Pater patriae in 63 B.C. Later emperors received the title after years of service to Rome.The Roman AlphabetHow to Pronounce Words in Latin
Octavianus Becomes the First Roman Emperor, Augustus CaesarBiography of CiceroAugustus Was Honored With a Title originally appeared on About.com Ancient / Classical History on Sunday, February 5th, 2012 at 06:50:52. Permalink | Comment | Email this
According to Diogenes Laertius, who compared 
©Clipart.com the educated and uneducated by saying the former
were superior to the latter 'as much ... as the living are to the dead'?
Answer
Who Said It? originally appeared on About.com Ancient / Classical History on Friday, February 3rd, 2012 at 06:27:35. Permalink | Comment | Email this
Latin teacher and prolific writer Rose Williams [for her bio, scroll down on her Pliny's Haunted House] wrote to tell me about the teacher-created material available for purchase on Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers' "iPodius Agora," which is described as "the online marketplace for selling teacher-created content for Classics." At the moment, the material available for purchase is limited to
Lingua et Lengua, by Rose Williams and Scott Hadley,
Unsound Science: Poetry, by University of Minnesota emeritus professor Robert Sonkowsky, a variety of supplementary materials for
Latin for the New Millennium, and I Am Singing Latin Songs, by Rose Williams and CC Couch.
iPodius Agora originally appeared on About.com Ancient / Classical History on Thursday, February 2nd, 2012 at 07:58:00. Permalink | Comment | Email this
© Clipart
In his The Battle of Salamis, Barry Strauss explains the special attributes of the only female naval commander in Persian king Xerxes' army. Among other points, Strauss says she was one of a very small number of female naval commanders in all of history. Since she is that exceptional, it is not surprising that Herodotus discusses her in some detail. Read Herodotus on Artemisia of Halicarnassus.She Was A Clever Naval Commander originally appeared on About.com Ancient / Classical History on Thursday, February 2nd, 2012 at 06:55:01. Permalink | Comment | Email this
PD courtesy of Marie-Lan Nguyen at Wikipedia.
Guess who the female figure is.Hints:
Her aged father and a brother are to the left. Another brother is to the right leaning on spear.
She is drawing lots.
The small male holds an apple.
Extra credit and hint: What tragedy is she predicting?
Answer
Guess Who (& What) originally appeared on About.com Ancient / Classical History on Wednesday, February 1st, 2012 at 06:50:55. Permalink | Comment | Email this
February was not part of the original Roman calendar, but was added (with a variable number of days), as the month preceding the beginning of the year.  Read more about February and the passage from Plutarch on Numa Pompilius' work on the calendar:
FebruaryLupercalia
This Day in History | Daily TriviaFasti Picture Courtesy of Wikipedia. When February Came Before the New Year originally appeared on About.com Ancient / Classical History on Wednesday, February 1st, 2012 at 06:00:06. Permalink | Comment | Email this
In case you missed it the first time around, here are most of the articles added to this site in January 2012, grouped loosely:
Reviews'The New Atlas of World History' by John Haywood
'The Romans and Their World,' by Brian Campbell
'A Glossary of Terms in Grammar, Rhetoric, and Prosody'
Seven Against ThebesEteocles and Polynices
Quiz: Seven Against Thebes
Ancient Historians
The Size of Xerxes' Force in the Persian War
Herodotus Passage on Egyptian Astronomical Contributions
Diogenes Laertius
The Education of Heracles
AP LatinAP Latin Vergil Passages
Figures of Speech to Know for the AP Latin Exam
'A Glossary of Terms in Grammar, Rhetoric, and Prosody'
Latin
Using the Internet to Help You Review and Revive Lost Latin Skills
Inflection
A Basic Lesson in Latin Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
The Apotheosis of Romulus
Daily Quotation
Corinth
Ancient Women's Clothing
Testudo
January Round-Up originally appeared on About.com Ancient / Classical History on Tuesday, January 31st, 2012 at 14:09:12. Permalink | Comment | Email this
During the month of February, we focus on the importance of African-Americans in the history and culture of the United States. We'll begin by looking at three fascinating African-Americans: an abolitionist, a Civil Rights leader, and a President.
Harriet Tubman
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Barack Obama
Celebrating African-American History originally appeared on About.com American History on Wednesday, February 1st, 2012 at 09:30:48. Permalink | Comment | Email this
The development of railroads had a huge impact on the United States. It facilitated the movement of population, increased commerce, and played a large part in the US Civil War. This article takes a look at the major effects of railroads on the United States. Impact of Railroads originally appeared on About.com American History on Tuesday, January 31st, 2012 at 11:02:14. Permalink | Comment | Email this
It's ironic that the creation of a labor saving device such as the cotton gin would lead to such an explosion in the use of slave labor in the south. However, before Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1794, the separation of cotton by hand was labor intensive and unprofitable. The invention of this device led to cotton becoming the major cash crop in the south and perpetuating the plantation system. Learn more:
The Cotton Gin in American History
The Cotton Gin in American History originally appeared on About.com American History on Monday, January 30th, 2012 at 14:28:02. Permalink | Comment | Email this
Over the years, four presidents have died from assassination while another six presidential assassinations have been attempted. The first assassination attempt occurred on January 30, 1835 when Richard Lawrence tried to shoot Andrew Jackson. Ironically, both of his guns misfired. He was found not guilty of the crime by reason of assassination. Read about this and the other presidential assassinations and assassination attempts. Presidential Assassinations and Assassination Attempts originally appeared on About.com American History on Sunday, January 29th, 2012 at 19:24:29. Permalink | Comment | Email this
Aaron Burr is a truly fascinating character from America's past. He served during the Revolutionary War under Benedict Arnold, and his valor led him to be part of George Washington's staff. He was often the center of controversy including being a critic of Washington's leadership and possibly thwarting a romance between Alexander Hamilton and the future Mrs. Dolley Madison. He became the third Vice President under Thomas Jefferson. He was not asked back to run for a second term. Then in 1804, he killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel. While he was charged with murder, he was never tried and actually completed his Vice Presidential term in Washington, D.C. On January 22, 1807, President Thomas Jefferson uncovered a plot by Aaron Burr to form a new republic in the Southwest. However, one clause in the Constitution requires two witnesses to convict a person of treason so he was eventually acquitted. Aaron Burr - The Center of Controversy originally appeared on About.com American History on Sunday, January 29th, 2012 at 19:20:12. Permalink | Comment | Email this
Rutherford B. Hayes was the nineteenth president of the United States. He only served one term, March 4, 1877 to March 3, 1881. He had strong views on civil service reform that often made him unpopular, as shown by this quote, "I am not liked as a President by the politicians in office, in the press, or in Congress. But I am content to abide the judgment - the sober second thought - of the people."
In terms of foreign policy, he stated that any canal that would be built in Central America would be under American control, in order to keep foreign powers out of the region. On January 17, 1893, he died of a heart attack.
Rutherford B. Hayes Quotes
Rutherford B. Hayes Fast Facts
Rutherford B. Hayes Biography
Rutherford B. Hayes, Nineteenth President originally appeared on About.com American History on Tuesday, January 17th, 2012 at 00:33:34. Permalink | Comment | Email this
 Every year on the third Monday of January, we celebrate Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday. His fight for civil rights and equal treatment for all people brought the plight of African Americans into the public eye. His effect on America and its people is beyond measure. One can only wonder what Martin Luther King, Jr. would think about the election of America's first African-American president. Learn more about Martin Luther King, Jr. and his fight.
Celebrating the Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. and His Fight for Civil Rights originally appeared on About.com American History on Monday, January 16th, 2012 at 00:13:57. Permalink | Comment | Email this
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During the Second World War, as nations in the east and west of Europe fought against Nazi Germany, Ireland stayed neutral. This wasn't ideal for some of Ireland's soldiers, and they deserted to join the allied armies in the defeat of Hitler. Of course, they were still deserters in their home, and many were dishonourably discharged when they returned home, and suffered discrimination. Now the Irish government has voted to pardon the 5,000 troops involved, and are considering an official apology. Irish Central has a quote from Irish Minister Shatter on the issue: "Many who fought in British uniforms during that war returned to Ireland. For too many years, their contribution in preserving European and Irish democracy was ignored." Ireland to Pardon Anti-Nazi Deserters originally appeared on About.com European History on Friday, February 3rd, 2012 at 10:51:14. Permalink | Comment | Email this
While reading the Irish Central website to look at a different story, I found this brief article about the search for a missing cross. Until around sixty years ago a granite cross stood in Wicklow, when it vanished. Archaeologists are now planning to look for where it might be, believing it been buried. The blame for its movement seems to be on Father Matthew Blake, a local priest, who objected to what he considered obscene carvings, possibly of the folk characters Sheela Na Gig.
Archaeologists Search for Missing Cross originally appeared on About.com European History on Friday, February 3rd, 2012 at 10:50:00. Permalink | Comment | Email this
There's an ongoing joke in Britain about the Daily Mail and their habit of publishing "historical stories to which the answer is no." The format is to pose an esoteric question, such as 'Was Napoleon Scottish', fill the article with strange arguments for, and then finish by quoting a qualified expert who is allowed a sentence to rebut it all.
Well, this (non Daily Mail) article does this in the title, with 'Are there lost pyramids in Bosnia? Probably not.'. Now, I'm not going to give this theory a lot of space, but basically a Bosnian businessman believes there are ancient pyramids in Bosnia, and is trying to cash in. The side effect is he's single handedly created a tourist industry around the key location. So why am I mentioning this here, given that I don't believe there are pyramids in Bosnia? Bosnian archaeologists have complained that the pyramid project has received funding, when - what are widely considered legitimate - heritage sites are underfunded, and the real history is in danger. Bosnian Archaeology Diluted originally appeared on About.com European History on Friday, February 3rd, 2012 at 10:49:11. Permalink | Comment | Email this
Sebastian Faulk's classic novel of World War One life, Birdsong, has been filmed. I don't know too much about what happens in the book as I'd like to read it, but I did find an article in the Guardian interesting. It explains how a set of tunnels were dug for filming, how the actors were taken to real WW1 tunnels to give them the right feeling, and a bit about the reason tunnels were dug during the war and the conditions faced. But to read the book or watch the film first? Tricky... Birdsong’s Tunnels Explained originally appeared on About.com European History on Friday, January 27th, 2012 at 10:21:48. Permalink | Comment | Email this
One of the items in the British Museum is a rare Roman helmet. Rare, because it's silver-gilt plating survives, making it unique in Britain and a scarce early example from across the Roman Empire. But when it was found and excavated ten years ago it was in thousands of pieces, and has only now been pieced back together after an extremely difficult and tricky restoration job. The Guardian has a picture, and it's still clearly suffered, but you can see what it is. Of course, putting the helmet together might be the easy part; next archaeologists have to agree on why such a 'high status' item appears to have been buried in Britain, possibly in the same year as the Roman invasion. Was it given as a reward to a pliant local commander? Was it sold by someone in the Empire to a British native? No one really knows. Rare Roman Helmet Rebuilt after 10 Years originally appeared on About.com European History on Friday, January 27th, 2012 at 10:20:54. Permalink | Comment | Email this
Until 2009, Cromer Town FC, a small British football / soccer club, thought they had been given a piece of land to play on by a rich local woman, in recognition of the part played by local men in World War 1. Unfortunately, in 2009 it was discovered that this was actually a loan, and that there was a key condition to using the land: the club could hold it until twenty one years after the death of the last grandchild of King Edward VII who was living at the time of the grant. This grandchild was swiftly identified as King Olav V of Norway, who died twenty one years ago, meaning the deadline has now passed.
A tussle between the local council, who want to redevelop the ground, and the club, who want to stay, began, before a Cromer FC supporter came up with an interesting point: the grant specified that it included all grandchildren "in being", and there was one who certainly alive but not yet born. If this foetus is included, the club have another twenty years at the ground in which to sort this out. A legal battle is imminent. The Telegraph has more information and quotes. Cromer Town FC and Edward VII’s Grandchildren originally appeared on About.com European History on Friday, January 27th, 2012 at 10:20:26. Permalink | Comment | Email this
For this month's articles, we've gone back to Western Europe in the central middle ages. We look at the 'Angevin Empire' and two of its rulers: brothers, and Kings of England, Richard I and John. The former was famed for centuries for his martial prowess and bravery, and the latter for his failure, but the situation has changed in recent decades. We also look at one product of John's reign that still resonates: Magna Carta, or 'The Great Charter, and the brothers' mother Eleanor of Aquitaine, arguably the most powerful women in Europe during her considerable lifetime. I also wanted to flag up a biography of a far more recent English leader, Margaret Thatcher, as a film of her career has been released. We also take a brief look at Scutage, Misericordes and Free Companies. New This Month originally appeared on About.com European History on Saturday, January 21st, 2012 at 15:08:25. Permalink | Comment | Email this
The American Colonization Society (its full name was the American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color of the United States) arranged for its first wave of colonizers to head for what is now Liberia in 1820. Along with the 86 ex-slaves (of whom only a third or so were adult men) were three white ACS agents (the membership of the ACS was predominantly white, and many came from the Southern states, hoping to induce freed slaves to emigrate to Africa).
The Elizabeth was accompanied on its voyage to Africa by an American sloop, the USS Cyane. Stopping first at Sierra Leone, they then sailed south to what is now the coast of Liberia and built a settlement. They were unsuccessful in convincing the local chiefs to part with land, and opted instead to settle the uninhabited Scherbo Island.
Amongst the agricultural supplies they brought were 100 muskets and two cannon, to be used to pacify the locals. Within the month 22 of the African American ex-slaves and all the three white ACS agents were dead of yellow fever. The remainder returned to Sierra Leone, to await the arrival of a further wave of colonizers sent by the ACS (which arrived a year later). The Elizabeth Sails from New York for West Africa – 6 February 1820 originally appeared on About.com African History on Monday, February 6th, 2012 at 00:10:42. Permalink | Comment | Email this
The "Wind of Change" speech was made by the British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, whilst addressing the South African Parliament during his tour of African Commonwealth states. It was a watershed moment in the struggle for black nationalism in Africa and the independence movement across the continent. It also signaled a change in attitude towards the Apartheid regime in South Africa. Find out more...
See Also:
Text of the "Wind of Change" Speech
Wind of Change: Verwoerd replyMacmillan's "Wind of Change" Speech: 3 February 1960 originally appeared on About.com African History on Friday, February 3rd, 2012 at 00:10:00. Permalink | Comment | Email this
"The wind of change is blowing through this [African] continent, and whether we like it or not, this growth of national consciousness is a political fact. We must all accept it as a fact, and our national policies must take account of it..."
"...As I have said, the growth of national consciousness in Africa is a political fact, and we must accept it as such. That means, I would judge, that we've got to come to terms with it. I sincerely believe that if we cannot do so we may imperil the precarious balance between the East and West on which the peace of the world depends."
Harold Macmillan's "Wind of Change" Speech, made to the South Africa Parliament on 3 February 1960. A Few Words From Harold Macmillan ... originally appeared on About.com African History on Thursday, February 2nd, 2012 at 00:10:59. Permalink | Comment | Email this
The merger of the two nations, Egypt and Syria, had first been proposed to Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser as the first step towards a revolutionary pan-Arab state in the Middle East. Nasser was popular throughout the Middle East and Africa as a result of the Suez Crisis of '56, and forged ahead with the concept. The united state was formed on 1 February 1958, with a formal agreement signed (following a referendum) on 22 February. Nasser was elected as the president of the UAR, and Cairo selected as the capital.
Nasser extended his previous one-party state from Egypt to the whole of the UAR, harshly dealing with rebellious groups such as the Syrian Communist Party. Hostile relations with neighboring states such as Jordan led to international pressure being applied in the region.
In 1961, a coup d'état brought the union to an end. On 29 September, Syria's acting head of state, Maamun Shafiq al-Kuzbari, declared the country to be once again independent. Egypt retained the title United Arab Republic until 2 September 1971 when it became the Arab Republic of Egypt.
The flag of the UAR was developed from that of Egypt - red, white, and black horizontal bands with the addition of two green stars in the middle. This was retained as the flag of Syria after its secession in '61.
1 February 1958 -- Creation of the United Arab Republic originally appeared on About.com African History on Wednesday, February 1st, 2012 at 14:29:14. Permalink | Comment | Email this
Hassan Gouled Aptidon was the first president of an independent Djibouti. He held power for 22 years before stepping aside (due to ill health) for his chosen successor. He was recognized as a peace mediator between neighboring states of Ethiopia and Somalia. Read the first part of his biography: Life in a French Colony. Hassan Gouled Aptidon originally appeared on About.com African History on Monday, January 30th, 2012 at 06:29:08. Permalink | Comment | Email this
Fresh up this week is a new, two part African History Timeline for Djibouti, a brief review of the two main ethnic groups of the republic, and a look at the mediaeval era The Adal Sultanate and its most important leader, Ahmad Grāñ.
Djibouti Timeline
• Part 1: Prehistory to Independence
• Part 2: Independence to Present Day
Ethnic Groups in Djibouti
• Afar People of Djibouti
• Issa People of Djibouti
Djibouti in Mediaeval Times
• The Adal Sultanate
• Ahmad Grāñ
New African History Resources for Djibouti originally appeared on About.com African History on Sunday, January 29th, 2012 at 11:26:23. Permalink | Comment | Email this
New on the African History Glossary:
• What is the significance of the port of Saylac?
• What is the significance of the port of Obock?
New Djibouti Related Glossary Entries for January 2012 originally appeared on About.com African History on Sunday, January 29th, 2012 at 11:24:47. Permalink | Comment | Email this
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High Class Blogs Bookmarks - History
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History @ History Channel -
Historical information ranging from Great Speeches (in audio) to facts about This Day in History.
Show guide and scheduled air times, discussion boards . . .
History @ BBC -
Presents original content on a variety of historical topics. Includes games, timelines, history for kids, and featured writers.
History @ Historynet -
Categorized history articles, features, thumbnailed picture gallery, discussion board, and special events and exhibits.
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History @ Colonial Williamsburg Foundation History -
Includes history and the education resources available to students and Colonial history enthusiasts.
History @ Internet Public Library -
Includes announcements and links to electronic resources about history journals.
The History Place is a private, independent, Internet-only publication.
History @ Kids.gov -
FirstGov for Kids is a gateway to other information resources.
We have divided the site into educational subjects that you might have in your school.
Within each subject, we have also divided the sites into these categories.
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